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| Criterion |  Operations Waste Analysis |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Decision Making Red Teaming |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For a process that keeps people busy but creates little value, the method exposes waste. It directs attention to unnecessary movement, waiting times, rework, and overdelivery. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | For strategic decisions with high reach, agreement and gut feeling are often not enough. Red teaming brings deliberate opposition into the situation and tests where a plan breaks under real counterarguments. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 45-120 min | 20–45 min | 1-4 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-8 | Small cross-functional group | 3-8 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Waste Map, Prioritized Waste, Improvement Backlog | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Challenge Findings, Risk Register, Mitigation Plan |
Tagsno overlap | WasteLeanProcess improvement | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | RiskDecisionSensemaking |
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Methods with strong topical overlap with the current selection, not yet in the comparison.
