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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Soft Systems Methodology |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Decision Making Red Teaming |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | Soft Systems Methodology helps explore unclear or politically charged problems systematically. Instead of forcing a quick answer, the method builds a shared understanding of perspectives and room for action. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | For strategic decisions with high reach, agreement and gut feeling are often not enough. Red teaming brings deliberate opposition into the situation and tests where a plan breaks under real counterarguments. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 0.5-3 Tage | 20–45 min | 1-4 h |
Participantsdifferent | 5-15 | Small cross-functional group | 3-8 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Rich Picture, Root Definitions, Conceptual Models, Change Agenda | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Challenge Findings, Risk Register, Mitigation Plan |
Tagsno overlap | Soft systemsComplexitySensemakingSystems thinking | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | RiskDecisionSensemaking |
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