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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Soft Systems Methodology |  Decision Making Argument Mapping |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | Soft Systems Methodology helps explore unclear or politically charged problems systematically. Instead of forcing a quick answer, the method builds a shared understanding of perspectives and room for action. | When statements, evidence, and counterarguments get mixed up, a debate quickly loses its structure. Argument Mapping breaks a thesis down into its reasoning and makes visible what it really rests on. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 0.5-3 Tage | 1-3 h | 20–45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 5-15 | 1-8 | Small cross-functional group |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Rich Picture, Root Definitions, Conceptual Models, Change Agenda | Argument Map, Evidence Gaps, Decision Rationale | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log |
Tagsno overlap | Soft systemsComplexitySensemakingSystems thinking | SensemakingDecisionRationale | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning |
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