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| Criterion |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Decision Making Argument Mapping |  Product Discovery Test Card |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | When statements, evidence, and counterarguments get mixed up, a debate quickly loses its structure. Argument Mapping breaks a thesis down into its reasoning and makes visible what it really rests on. | The Test Card turns a critical assumption into a testable claim and specifies in advance which result counts as success. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 1-3 h | 20-35 min |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 1-8 | 1-5 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Argument Map, Evidence Gaps, Decision Rationale | Test Card with a pre-set threshold |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | SensemakingDecisionRationale | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryHypothesis |
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