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| Criterion |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Facilitation Alignment Mapping |  Decision Making Force Field Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | When several people work toward one goal but hold different mental maps, Alignment Mapping makes the discrepancies visible. It arranges goals, assumptions, and priorities so shared direction becomes verifiable. | In change initiatives, supporting and restraining forces sit at the table at the same time. Force Field Analysis makes these tensions explicit and shows where change can be pushed forward by strengthening or relieving. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 1-2 h | 45-90 min |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 4-12 | 3-12 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Alignment Map, Open Issues, Decision Questions | Force Field Map, Change Levers, Risk Notes |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | AlignmentStakeholdersStrategyFacilitation | ChangeDecisionStrategy |
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