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| Criterion |  Operations PDCA Cycle |  Product Discovery Test Card |  Operations 5 Whys |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For an improvement that still has to prove itself in everyday work, the method runs it through small learning loops. It connects planning, checking, and standardization into a repeatable learning mode. | The Test Card turns a critical assumption into a testable claim and specifies in advance which result counts as success. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. |
Complexitysame | Low | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 1 h bis mehrere Wochen | 20-35 min | 15-30 min |
Participantsdifferent | 1-8 | 1-5 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | PDCA Log, Experiment Plan, Learning Outcome, Standard Change | Test Card with a pre-set threshold | Root cause notes, Countermeasures |
Tagsno overlap | Continuous improvementLeanExperiments | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryHypothesis | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving |
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