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| Criterion |  Operations PDCA Cycle |  Knowledge Modeling IBIS |  Product Discovery Test Card |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For an improvement that still has to prove itself in everyday work, the method runs it through small learning loops. It connects planning, checking, and standardization into a repeatable learning mode. | IBIS structures thinking about complex questions as a sequence of issues, ideas, and arguments. The method keeps discussions open without forcing them into premature consensus. | The Test Card turns a critical assumption into a testable claim and specifies in advance which result counts as success. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 1 h bis mehrere Wochen | 1-3 h | 20-35 min |
Participantsdifferent | 1-8 | 2-8 | 1-5 |
Formatsame | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | PDCA Log, Experiment Plan, Learning Outcome, Standard Change | Issue Map, Positions, Argument Notes | Test Card with a pre-set threshold |
Tagsno overlap | Continuous improvementLeanExperiments | RationaleKnowledgeDecision | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryHypothesis |
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