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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Product Discovery Assumption Mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | When assumptions still sit unordered in the room, it weighs uncertainty against leverage. It makes visible which hypotheses should be checked first. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | Medium |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 20–45 min | 45-60 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | Small cross-functional group | 2-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Assumption map, Test backlog, Risk ranking |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | AssumptionsRiskExperimentsValidation |
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