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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations Learning Review |  Operations After-Action Review |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | After a project phase with mixed results, the method makes learning from the individual case reusable. It connects events, decisions, and systemic conditions into robust insights. | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 1-3 h | 20-45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 3-10 | 3-12 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Learning Review Notes, System Factors, Improvement Actions | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | LearningRetrospectiveIncidentOperations | LearningOperationsImprovement |
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