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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Systems Thinking Evaporating Cloud |  Operations Causal Factor Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | The method makes visible why two seemingly incompatible demands arise and which assumption must be tested to resolve the conflict. | For an event with a complicated course, the method breaks down the contributing factors along the timeline. It shows how conditions, decisions, and reactions together produce a course of events. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | High |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 60-120 min | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 2-8 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Conflict Cloud, Assumption List, Breakthrough Ideas, Next Experiments | Event Timeline, Causal Factor Chart, Cause List, Corrective Actions |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | Theory of ConstraintsAssumptionsSystems thinking | CausalityIncidentRoot causeTimeline |
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