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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations Causal Factor Analysis |  Operations Accountability Ladder |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | For an event with a complicated course, the method breaks down the contributing factors along the timeline. It shows how conditions, decisions, and reactions together produce a course of events. | With defensive reactions to problems, the method shifts the view from justification to ownership. It makes visible which reaction stage a person or team is currently stuck on. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 2-6 h | 20-45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 3-10 | 1-8 |
Formatsame | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Event Timeline, Causal Factor Chart, Cause List, Corrective Actions | Ownership Reflection, Action Commitment, Coaching Notes |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | CausalityIncidentRoot causeTimeline | ResponsibilityLeadershipTeam |
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