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| Criterion |  Knowledge Modeling IBIS |  Operations Accountability Ladder |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | IBIS structures thinking about complex questions as a sequence of issues, ideas, and arguments. The method keeps discussions open without forcing them into premature consensus. | With defensive reactions to problems, the method shifts the view from justification to ownership. It makes visible which reaction stage a person or team is currently stuck on. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 20-45 min | 20–45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-8 | 1-8 | Small cross-functional group |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Issue Map, Positions, Argument Notes | Ownership Reflection, Action Commitment, Coaching Notes | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log |
Tagsno overlap | RationaleKnowledgeDecision | ResponsibilityLeadershipTeam | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning |
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