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Criterion
Design Thinking as a learning loop: an observation notebook, a focused problem statement, different idea sketches, a cardboard prototype and user-test notes. Feedback leads to new understanding.
Innovation
Design Thinking
Paper illustration for Argument Mapping
Decision Making
Argument Mapping
Paper illustration of an assumption matrix with prioritized test cards
Decision Making
Assumption Surfacing
Purposedifferent
For complex user problems with an uncertain cause, the method connects observation, interpretation, and experiment into a learning cycle. It keeps the focus on real needs and avoids premature solution language. This produces robust decisions for product and service.When statements, evidence, and counterarguments get mixed up, a debate quickly loses its structure. Argument Mapping breaks a thesis down into its reasoning and makes visible what it really rests on.Plans often contain assumptions that were never openly stated and remain dangerous precisely because of that. Assumption Surfacing makes these silent premises visible and prioritizes which of them carry the initiative or could sink it.
Complexitydifferent
HighMediumLow
Timedifferent
1 Tag bis mehrere Wochen1-3 h45-90 min
Participantsdifferent
4-101-82-8
Formatdifferent
WorkshopWorkshop + asyncWorkshop + async
Outputdifferent
Problem Statement, Prototype, Test LearningsArgument Map, Evidence Gaps, Decision RationaleAssumption List, Critical Assumptions, Learning Plan
Tagsno overlap
InnovationPrototypeResearch
SensemakingDecisionRationale
AssumptionsRiskDecisionDiscovery
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Often compared together

Methods with strong topical overlap with the current selection, not yet in the comparison.

Red Teaming method illustration showing its working structure
Decision Making
Red Teaming
Paper illustration of a calm four-quadrant Assumption Map with hypothesis cards and emphasis on important assumptions with little evidence.
Product Discovery
Assumption Mapping
Paper illustration for Cynefin Workshop.
Decision Making
Cynefin Workshop
A paper-based illustration representing Design Sprint with its core stages and visible working result.
Innovation
Design Sprint