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| Criterion |  Knowledge Modeling Concept Mapping |  Systems Thinking Evaporating Cloud |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | Concept Mapping arranges terms and relationships in a network that makes subject-matter connections tangible. It fits when a topic needs to be understood structurally rather than linearly. | The method makes visible why two seemingly incompatible demands arise and which assumption must be tested to resolve the conflict. | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-2 h | 60-120 min | 30-60 min |
Participantsdifferent | 1-8 | 2-8 | 2-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Concept Map, Relationship Labels, Knowledge Gaps | Conflict Cloud, Assumption List, Breakthrough Ideas, Next Experiments | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | KnowledgeConceptsMappingSensemaking | Theory of ConstraintsAssumptionsSystems thinking | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns |
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