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| Criterion |  Knowledge Modeling Concept Mapping |  Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs) |  Operations Gemba Walk |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | Concept Mapping arranges terms and relationships in a network that makes subject-matter connections tangible. It fits when a topic needs to be understood structurally rather than linearly. | ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-2 h | 2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional | 30-120 min |
Participantsdifferent | 1-8 | Designers, developers as users, and facilitation | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Concept Map, Relationship Labels, Knowledge Gaps | Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | KnowledgeConceptsMappingSensemaking | ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks | LeanObservationProcessOperations |
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