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| Criterion |  Operations Causal Factor Analysis |  Product Discovery Test Card |  Decision Making Assumption Surfacing |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For an event with a complicated course, the method breaks down the contributing factors along the timeline. It shows how conditions, decisions, and reactions together produce a course of events. | The Test Card turns a critical assumption into a testable claim and specifies in advance which result counts as success. | Plans often contain assumptions that were never openly stated and remain dangerous precisely because of that. Assumption Surfacing makes these silent premises visible and prioritizes which of them carry the initiative or could sink it. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 2-6 h | 20-35 min | 45-90 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-10 | 1-5 | 2-8 |
Formatsame | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Event Timeline, Causal Factor Chart, Cause List, Corrective Actions | Test Card with a pre-set threshold | Assumption List, Critical Assumptions, Learning Plan |
Tagsno overlap | CausalityIncidentRoot causeTimeline | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryHypothesis | AssumptionsRiskDecisionDiscovery |
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