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| Criterion |  Decision Making Assumption Surfacing |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Decision Making Red Teaming |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | Plans often contain assumptions that were never openly stated and remain dangerous precisely because of that. Assumption Surfacing makes these silent premises visible and prioritizes which of them carry the initiative or could sink it. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | For strategic decisions with high reach, agreement and gut feeling are often not enough. Red teaming brings deliberate opposition into the situation and tests where a plan breaks under real counterarguments. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 45-90 min | 20–45 min | 1-4 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-8 | Small cross-functional group | 3-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Assumption List, Critical Assumptions, Learning Plan | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Challenge Findings, Risk Register, Mitigation Plan |
Tags2 shared | AssumptionsRiskDecisionDiscovery | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | RiskDecisionSensemaking |
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