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Criterion
Design sheets and interface cards connect to jointly written pseudocode with highlighted unresolved questions.
Architecture
ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)
Iceberg Model method illustration showing its working structure
Systems Thinking
Iceberg Model
Paper illustration of Barrier Analysis with its method-specific working model.
Operations
Barrier Analysis
Purposedifferent
ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification.The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring.For a risk that can only be managed through multiple layers of protection, the method examines the effectiveness of each barrier. It shows where safeguards are missing, too weak, or fail under real conditions.
Complexitydifferent
MediumLowMedium
Timedifferent
2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional30-60 min2-4 h
Participantsdifferent
Designers, developers as users, and facilitation2-102-6
Formatsame
Workshop + asyncWorkshop + asyncWorkshop + async
Outputdifferent
Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisionsIceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention IdeasBarrier Inventory, Failure Analysis per Barrier, Action Backlog
Tagsno overlap
ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks
Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns
Root causeSafetyIncident
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Often compared together

Methods with strong topical overlap with the current selection, not yet in the comparison.

Paper illustration of Family Tree Analysis with its method-specific working model.
Operations
Family Tree Analysis
Paper illustration of MORT Analysis with its method-specific working model.
Operations
MORT Analysis
Paper illustration for Behavior Over Time Graph.
Systems Thinking
Behavior Over Time Graph