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| Criterion |  Operations Waste Analysis |  Engineering Failure Scenario Analysis |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For a process that keeps people busy but creates little value, the method exposes waste. It directs attention to unnecessary movement, waiting times, rework, and overdelivery. | In critical processes, it is not enough to plan only for the normal case. Failure Scenario Analysis looks at the path into failure and shows which failures, chains, and control gaps cause the most damage. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 45-120 min | 1-3 h | 20–45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-8 | 3-8 | Small cross-functional group |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Waste Map, Prioritized Waste, Improvement Backlog | Failure Scenarios, Risk Notes, Control Gaps, Test and Response Actions | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log |
Tagsno overlap | WasteLeanProcess improvement | FailureResilienceRisk | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning |
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