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| Criterion |  Operations Root Cause Analysis |  Product Discovery Test Card |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When a problem keeps recurring and the cause stays unclear, the method exposes the underlying mechanism. It separates symptom, guess, and robust explanation from one another. | The Test Card turns a critical assumption into a testable claim and specifies in advance which result counts as success. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 1-4 h | 20-35 min | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | 1-5 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Problem Statement, Cause Hypotheses, Confirmed Causes, Action Plan | Test Card with a pre-set threshold | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions |
Tagsno overlap | Root causeProblem solvingQualityIncident | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryHypothesis | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause |
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