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Criterion
A hypothetical failure makes concrete risks, signals, and fitting mitigations visible.
Decision Making
Pre-Mortem
Paper matrix with six colored hat cards for information, feeling, value, caution, ideas and process control.
Facilitation
Six Thinking Hats
Independent contributions form an ordered group priority list.
Facilitation
Nominal Group Technique
Purposedifferent
In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures.When a topic gets stuck too quickly in the same thinking mode, Six Thinking Hats deliberately separates the perspectives. This means facts, risks, creativity, and emotional signals get worked through one after another instead of mixed together.When loud voices could dominate a round, Nominal Group Technique protects individual thinking time from group effects. It collects ideas separately first and only then enables shared weighting.
Complexitydifferent
LowMediumMedium
Timedifferent
20–45 min45-90 min60-120 min
Participantsdifferent
Small cross-functional group4-125-12
Formatsame
WorkshopWorkshopWorkshop
Outputdifferent
Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption logPerspective Notes, Decision Inputs, Action ItemsRanked Ideas, Clarified Options, Group Priority
Tagsno overlap
RiskDecisionFailurePlanning
FacilitationOptionsDecision
FacilitationPrioritizationVotingInclusion
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Paper illustration for Constraint Analysis.
Decision Making
Constraint Analysis
Paper illustration of shared options, independently placed voting dots, and a highlighted shortlist.
Facilitation
Dot Voting
Paper illustration of a calibrated five-by-five risk matrix with response cards.
Decision Making
Risk Matrix
Paper illustration for 1-2-4-All.
Facilitation
1-2-4-All