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| Criterion |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Engineering Failure Scenario Analysis |  Product Discovery Test Card |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | In critical processes, it is not enough to plan only for the normal case. Failure Scenario Analysis looks at the path into failure and shows which failures, chains, and control gaps cause the most damage. | The Test Card turns a critical assumption into a testable claim and specifies in advance which result counts as success. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 1-3 h | 20-35 min |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 3-8 | 1-5 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Failure Scenarios, Risk Notes, Control Gaps, Test and Response Actions | Test Card with a pre-set threshold |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | FailureResilienceRisk | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryHypothesis |
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