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| Criterion |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Engineering Failure Scenario Analysis |  Knowledge Modeling Concept Mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | In critical processes, it is not enough to plan only for the normal case. Failure Scenario Analysis looks at the path into failure and shows which failures, chains, and control gaps cause the most damage. | Concept Mapping arranges terms and relationships in a network that makes subject-matter connections tangible. It fits when a topic needs to be understood structurally rather than linearly. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Medium |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 1-3 h | 1-2 h |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 3-8 | 1-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Failure Scenarios, Risk Notes, Control Gaps, Test and Response Actions | Concept Map, Relationship Labels, Knowledge Gaps |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | FailureResilienceRisk | KnowledgeConceptsMappingSensemaking |
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