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| Criterion |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Operations 5 Whys |  Operations Causal Factor Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. | For an event with a complicated course, the method breaks down the contributing factors along the timeline. It shows how conditions, decisions, and reactions together produce a course of events. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 15-30 min | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 2-6 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Root cause notes, Countermeasures | Event Timeline, Causal Factor Chart, Cause List, Corrective Actions |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving | CausalityIncidentRoot causeTimeline |
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