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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Systems Thinking Polarity Mapping |  Operations Root Cause Tree Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | Polarity Mapping makes tensions between two opposing poles tangible, such as standardization and adaptation or control and autonomy. The method guards against making apparent either-or decisions prematurely. | For a problem with several suspected causes, the method builds a causal structure instead of a mere list. It makes visible how causes connect and where the strongest points of leverage lie. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Medium |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 1-2 h | 1-3 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 3-12 | 2-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Polarity Map, Warning Signs, Balance Actions | Cause Tree, Evidence Notes, Countermeasures |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | Systems thinkingTradeoffsLeadership | Root causeTreeIncidentQuality |
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