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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Knowledge Modeling IBIS |
|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | IBIS structures thinking about complex questions as a sequence of issues, ideas, and arguments. The method keeps discussions open without forcing them into premature consensus. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 1-3 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 2-8 |
Formatsame | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Issue Map, Positions, Argument Notes |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | RationaleKnowledgeDecision |
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