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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Systems Thinking CATWOE Analysis |  Operations Kepner-Tregoe |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | CATWOE structures a problem from six viewpoints and prevents too narrow a view of the situation. Different experiences of the system become comparably discussable this way. | For a disturbance that's hard to pin down, the method cleanly separates problem, cause, and decision. It reduces mixing when symptoms allow several interpretations. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | High |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 45-90 min | 2-8 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 3-8 | 2-8 |
Formatsame | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | CATWOE Canvas, Root Definition, Stakeholder Perspectives, Constraints | Problem Analysis, Decision Analysis, Risk Plan |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | Systems thinkingFramingStakeholders | Problem solvingRoot causeDecisionOperations |
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