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| Criterion |  Operations Fault Tree Analysis |  Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs) |  Operations 5 Whys |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For a critical top event with several possible triggers, the method logically models failure paths. It makes visible which combinations of conditions can lead to damage. | ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 2-6 h | 2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional | 15-30 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | Designers, developers as users, and facilitation | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Fault Tree, Critical Paths, Cause Hypotheses, Control Actions | Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions | Root cause notes, Countermeasures |
Tagsno overlap | RiskRoot causeSafety | ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving |
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