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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Evaporating Cloud |  UX Research Affinity Diagramming |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The method makes visible why two seemingly incompatible demands arise and which assumption must be tested to resolve the conflict. | When research notes, feedback, or observations sit unconnected side by side, affinity diagramming sorts the raw material into solid themes. Many individual points turn into patterns that make decisions and opportunities clearer. | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 60-120 min | 45–90 min | 30-60 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-8 | 3-10 | 2-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Conflict Cloud, Assumption List, Breakthrough Ideas, Next Experiments | Theme clusters, Insight statements, Opportunity areas | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | Theory of ConstraintsAssumptionsSystems thinking | SynthesisQualitativeRoot cause | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns |
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