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| Criterion |  UX Research Card Sorting |  Knowledge Modeling Concept Mapping |  Decision Making Argument Mapping |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When content only makes sense internally and users can't find the structure again, card sorting exposes their mental order. Terms, groups, and naming are then aligned with the target group's expectations. | Concept Mapping arranges terms and relationships in a network that makes subject-matter connections tangible. It fits when a topic needs to be understood structurally rather than linearly. | When statements, evidence, and counterarguments get mixed up, a debate quickly loses its structure. Argument Mapping breaks a thesis down into its reasoning and makes visible what it really rests on. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Medium |
Timedifferent | 20-45 min | 1-2 h | 1-3 h |
Participantsdifferent | Based on research question | 1-8 | 1-8 |
Formatsame | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Content groups, Label set, IA hypotheses | Concept Map, Relationship Labels, Knowledge Gaps | Argument Map, Evidence Gaps, Decision Rationale |
Tagsno overlap | Information architectureNavigationStructure | KnowledgeConceptsMappingSensemaking | SensemakingDecisionRationale |
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