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| Criterion |  Operations Fault Tree Analysis |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For a critical top event with several possible triggers, the method logically models failure paths. It makes visible which combinations of conditions can lead to damage. | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 2-6 h | 30-60 min | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | 2-10 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Fault Tree, Critical Paths, Cause Hypotheses, Control Actions | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions |
Tags1 shared | RiskRoot causeSafety | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause |
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