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| Criterion |  UX Research Empathy Mapping |  UX Research Card Sorting |  Operations Gemba Walk |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When a lot is assumed about a target group but little is seen jointly, empathy mapping makes knowledge and gaps directly comparable. The picture also shows which assumptions hold up and where evidence is missing. | When content only makes sense internally and users can't find the structure again, card sorting exposes their mental order. Terms, groups, and naming are then aligned with the target group's expectations. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. |
Complexitysame | Low | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 30–60 min | 20-45 min | 30-120 min |
Participantsdifferent | 4-8 | Based on research question | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Empathy Map, Assumptions List, Research Gaps | Content groups, Label set, IA hypotheses | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | SynthesisQualitativeWorkshop | Information architectureNavigationStructure | LeanObservationProcessOperations |
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