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| Criterion |  UX Research Empathy Mapping |  Operations 5 Whys |  Operations Root Cause Tree Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When a lot is assumed about a target group but little is seen jointly, empathy mapping makes knowledge and gaps directly comparable. The picture also shows which assumptions hold up and where evidence is missing. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. | For a problem with several suspected causes, the method builds a causal structure instead of a mere list. It makes visible how causes connect and where the strongest points of leverage lie. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | Medium |
Timedifferent | 30–60 min | 15-30 min | 1-3 h |
Participantsdifferent | 4-8 | 2-6 | 2-8 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Empathy Map, Assumptions List, Research Gaps | Root cause notes, Countermeasures | Cause Tree, Evidence Notes, Countermeasures |
Tagsno overlap | SynthesisQualitativeWorkshop | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving | Root causeTreeIncidentQuality |
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