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| Criterion |  Business Strategy VMGS |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Decision Making Force Field Analysis |  Decision Making Constraint Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | VMGS arranges vision, mission, goals, and strategies into a clear guiding logic. Direction, purpose, and priorities are connected so teams can decide more coherently. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | In change initiatives, supporting and restraining forces sit at the table at the same time. Force Field Analysis makes these tensions explicit and shows where change can be pushed forward by strengthening or relieving. | When an initiative stalls, the limit often lies not in the idea but in hard or soft boundary conditions. Constraint Analysis separates these limits and shows which of them can actually be shaped. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 2-4 h | 20–45 min | 45-90 min | 30-90 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-12 | Small cross-functional group | 3-12 | 2-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Vision Statement, Mission Statement, Goals, Strategies | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Force Field Map, Change Levers, Risk Notes | Constraint List, Hard/Soft Classification, Option Impact Notes, Decision Boundaries |
Tagsno overlap | VisionGoalsStrategy | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | ChangeDecisionStrategy | ConstraintsDecisionPlanningOptions |