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| Criterion |  UX Research User Interviews |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Operations Standard Work Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When teams derive needs only from assumptions and real motives are missing, user interviews give direct access to behavior and meaning. Conversations from the target group's everyday life make patterns, tensions, and open questions solidly visible. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | When the same task is done differently depending on the person, the method exposes the reliable core. It creates comparability without unnecessarily choking off needed latitude. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | Low | Medium |
Timedifferent | 30–60 min per interview | 2-6 h | 30-120 min | 1-3 h |
Participantsdifferent | 1 participant per interview | 3-10 | 2-6 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Interview Notes, Themes, Insight Summary | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | Standard Work Sheet, Deviation List, Improved Standard, Training Needs |
Tagsno overlap | QualitativeResearchCustomerDiscovery | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause | LeanObservationProcessOperations | LeanProcessQuality |