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| Criterion |  UX Research User Interviews |  Operations Change Analysis |  Systems Thinking Future Reality Tree |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When teams derive needs only from assumptions and real motives are missing, user interviews give direct access to behavior and meaning. Conversations from the target group's everyday life make patterns, tensions, and open questions solidly visible. | For a deviation after a change, the method isolates the influence of the altered condition. It narrows down which differences are relevant and which are just accompanying noise. | A Future Reality Tree shows how desired actions are meant to lead to a better system state. The method checks whether a path of change holds together logically before time flows into implementation. | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | High | Low |
Timedifferent | 30–60 min per interview | 45-120 min | 2-4 h | 30-60 min |
Participantsdifferent | 1 participant per interview | 2-6 | 3-8 | 2-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Interview Notes, Themes, Insight Summary | Change Matrix, Cause Hypotheses, Validation Questions, Action List | Future Reality Tree, Negative Branches, Assumption List, Improved Injections | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | QualitativeResearchCustomerDiscovery | ChangeRoot causeTroubleshootingComparison | Theory of ConstraintsSystems thinkingChange | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns |