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| Criterion |  Business Strategy TOWS Matrix |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Decision Making Force Field Analysis |  Business Strategy GAP Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The TOWS Matrix connects internal strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats into action-oriented strategies. It goes a step further than a pure stocktaking. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | In change initiatives, supporting and restraining forces sit at the table at the same time. Force Field Analysis makes these tensions explicit and shows where change can be pushed forward by strengthening or relieving. | GAP Analysis compares the current state with a target picture and makes the distance manageable. It becomes useful when, ahead of new initiatives, it must become clear which capabilities, processes, or resources are missing. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | Low | Medium |
Timedifferent | 1-2 h | 20–45 min | 45-90 min | 1-3 h |
Participantsdifferent | 3-10 | Small cross-functional group | 3-12 | 2-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | TOWS Matrix, Strategic Options, Priority Actions | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Force Field Map, Change Levers, Risk Notes | Gap Matrix, Action Plan, Risk Notes |
Tagsno overlap | StrategyAnalysisOptions | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | ChangeDecisionStrategy | StrategyAnalysisPlanning |