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| Criterion |  Operations Theory of Constraints |  Knowledge Modeling Knowledge Mapping |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Operations ALPEN Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For a system that does not get faster despite effort, the method directs attention to the bottleneck. It concentrates improvement on the point that actually limits throughput. | Knowledge Mapping makes knowledge, gaps, and transfer paths visible across a field. It fits when expertise should not just exist but also be findable and transferable. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | With an overloaded day full of too many tasks, a realistic picture of the day emerges. The method connects estimating, deciding, and buffer thinking so planning fits available energy and time. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 2-4 h Analyse, laufend | 1-3 h | 20–45 min | 10-20 min daily |
Participantsdifferent | 3-12 | 3-12 | Small cross-functional group | 1 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Async |
Outputdifferent | Constraint Map, Improvement Plan, Flow Metrics | Knowledge Map, Critical Knowledge Areas, Transfer Plan | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Daily Plan, Time Estimates, Review Notes |
Tagsno overlap | OperationsConstraintsFlowImprovement | KnowledgeMappingRisk | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | PlanningTime managementProductivityOperations |