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| Criterion |  Product Discovery Test Card |  Operations 5 Whys |  Operations A3 Problem Solving |  Operations Kepner-Tregoe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Test Card turns a critical assumption into a testable claim and specifies in advance which result counts as success. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. | For a complex deviation with several people involved, the method bundles problem, analysis, and decision onto one page. It creates a shared working space where causes, countermeasures, and follow-up fit together. | For a disturbance that's hard to pin down, the method cleanly separates problem, cause, and decision. It reduces mixing when symptoms allow several interpretations. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | Medium | High |
Timedifferent | 20-35 min | 15-30 min | 45-90 min | 2-8 h |
Participantsdifferent | 1-5 | 2-6 | 2-5 | 2-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Test Card with a pre-set threshold | Root cause notes, Countermeasures | A3 Report, Action Plan, Root Cause Analysis | Problem Analysis, Decision Analysis, Risk Plan |
Tagsno overlap | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryHypothesis | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving | LeanProblem solvingCoachingOperations | Problem solvingRoot causeDecisionOperations |