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| Criterion |  Operations Standard Work Analysis |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Agile Specification by Example |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When the same task is done differently depending on the person, the method exposes the reliable core. It creates comparability without unnecessarily choking off needed latitude. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | When business rules need to become precise, it ties language, example, and test together. It sorts work by value, risk, and delivery ability. The result is captured as an Example Table and Acceptance Tests. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | Medium | High |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 30-120 min | 60-90 min pro Feature | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-6 | 2-6 | 3-6 | 3-10 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Standard Work Sheet, Deviation List, Improved Standard, Training Needs | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | Example Table, Acceptance Tests | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions |
Tagsno overlap | LeanProcessQuality | LeanObservationProcessOperations | AgileRequirementsExamplesBehavior-Driven Development | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause |