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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Soft Systems Methodology |  Systems Thinking Theory of Change |  Product Strategy Impact Mapping |  Business Strategy GAP Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | Soft Systems Methodology helps explore unclear or politically charged problems systematically. Instead of forcing a quick answer, the method builds a shared understanding of perspectives and room for action. | Theory of Change translates a desired impact into a traceable chain of change. It makes assumptions, intermediate goals, and measurement points visible before a program is rolled out at scale. | When a goal needs to be connected to several possible paths, it shows chains of impact instead of feature lists. It connects business goal, behavior change, and measures. | GAP Analysis compares the current state with a target picture and makes the distance manageable. It becomes useful when, ahead of new initiatives, it must become clear which capabilities, processes, or resources are missing. |
Complexitydifferent | High | High | Medium | Medium |
Timedifferent | 0.5-3 Tage | 2-6 h | 45-90 min | 1-3 h |
Participantsdifferent | 5-15 | 4-12 | 3-8 | 2-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Rich Picture, Root Definitions, Conceptual Models, Change Agenda | Theory of Change Map, Assumptions, Outcome Measures | Impact Map, Outcome Hypotheses, Delivery Options | Gap Matrix, Action Plan, Risk Notes |
Tagsno overlap | Soft systemsComplexitySensemakingSystems thinking | ImpactOutcomesSystems thinkingStrategy | OutcomesStrategyBehaviorPlanning | StrategyAnalysisPlanning |