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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Soft Systems Methodology |  Operations A3 Problem Solving |  Operations After-Action Review |  Operations Gemba Walk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | Soft Systems Methodology helps explore unclear or politically charged problems systematically. Instead of forcing a quick answer, the method builds a shared understanding of perspectives and room for action. | For a complex deviation with several people involved, the method bundles problem, analysis, and decision onto one page. It creates a shared working space where causes, countermeasures, and follow-up fit together. | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 0.5-3 Tage | 45-90 min | 20-45 min | 30-120 min |
Participantsdifferent | 5-15 | 2-5 | 3-12 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Rich Picture, Root Definitions, Conceptual Models, Change Agenda | A3 Report, Action Plan, Root Cause Analysis | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | Soft systemsComplexitySensemakingSystems thinking | LeanProblem solvingCoachingOperations | LearningOperationsImprovement | LeanObservationProcessOperations |