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| Criterion |  Operations Process Mapping |  Team Design Team Topologies Interaction Modes |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Operations After-Action Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots. | When several teams collaborate repeatedly, it describes the right interaction mode for each interface between them. It clarifies responsibility, interaction, and load between teams. The result is captured as an interaction heat map and pairwise agreements. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | Half day | 30-120 min | 20-45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-10 | Team-Leads plus Architecture | 2-6 | 3-12 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog | Interaction Heat Map, Agreements per Pair | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary |
Tagsno overlap | ProcessOperationsImprovement | TeamAlignmentCollaborationOrganization | LeanObservationProcessOperations | LearningOperationsImprovement |