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| Criterion |  Operations Process Mapping |  Operations Change Analysis |  Operations After-Action Review |  Operations Gemba Walk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots. | For a deviation after a change, the method isolates the influence of the altered condition. It narrows down which differences are relevant and which are just accompanying noise. | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 45-120 min | 20-45 min | 30-120 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-10 | 2-6 | 3-12 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog | Change Matrix, Cause Hypotheses, Validation Questions, Action List | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | ProcessOperationsImprovement | ChangeRoot causeTroubleshootingComparison | LearningOperationsImprovement | LeanObservationProcessOperations |