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| Criterion | ![]() Operations Process Mapping | ![]() Operations After-Action Review | ![]() Delivery Cost of Delay | ![]() Operations Gemba Walk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots. | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. | Helps clarify scope, order, and delivery flow in concrete terms. It makes work, constraints, and sequence manageable. The result is captured as a Cost of Delay table and prioritization sequence. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | High | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 20-45 min | 90-180 min | 30-120 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-10 | 3-12 | 3-8 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary | CoD Table, Prioritization Sequence | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | ProcessOperationsImprovement | LearningOperationsImprovement | PrioritizationDeliveryEconomicsDecision | LeanObservationProcessOperations |



