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| Criterion |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Business Strategy TOWS Matrix |  Business Strategy Value Chain Analysis |  Business Strategy VRIO Framework |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | The TOWS Matrix connects internal strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats into action-oriented strategies. It goes a step further than a pure stocktaking. | Value Chain Analysis shows where value is created, costs accrue, and differentiation becomes possible along the process. It compares strengths, risks, market logic, and courses of action. The result is captured as a value-chain map and lever list. | The VRIO Framework rates resources and capabilities on whether they are Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, and Organized. It compares strengths, risks, market logic, and courses of action. The result is captured as a VRIO table and strategic actions. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | High | Medium |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 1-2 h | Half day | 90-180 min |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 3-10 | 3-8 | 3-6 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | TOWS Matrix, Strategic Options, Priority Actions | Value Chain Map, Lever List | VRIO Table, Strategic Actions |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | StrategyAnalysisOptions | StrategyBusiness modelDiagnosisAnalysis | StrategyDiagnosisBusiness modelCapability |