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| Criterion |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Systems Thinking Future Reality Tree |  Decision Making Force Field Analysis |  Systems Thinking Leverage Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | A Future Reality Tree shows how desired actions are meant to lead to a better system state. The method checks whether a path of change holds together logically before time flows into implementation. | In change initiatives, supporting and restraining forces sit at the table at the same time. Force Field Analysis makes these tensions explicit and shows where change can be pushed forward by strengthening or relieving. | Leverage Points show exactly where interventions in a system produce a disproportionate effect. It draws relationships, patterns, and feedback loops. The result is captured as a leverage map and action strategy. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 2-4 h | 45-90 min | Half day |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 3-8 | 3-12 | 3-12 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Future Reality Tree, Negative Branches, Assumption List, Improved Injections | Force Field Map, Change Levers, Risk Notes | Leverage Map, Action Strategy |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | Theory of ConstraintsSystems thinkingChange | ChangeDecisionStrategy | Systems thinkingChangeStrategy |