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| Criterion | ![]() Decision Making Pre-Mortem | ![]() Decision Making Force Field Analysis | ![]() Business Strategy Business Model Stress Test | ![]() Business Strategy VRIO Framework |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | In change initiatives, supporting and restraining forces sit at the table at the same time. Force Field Analysis makes these tensions explicit and shows where change can be pushed forward by strengthening or relieving. | A Business Model Stress Test checks how well a business model holds up under pressure and headwinds. It compares strengths, risks, market logic, and courses of action. The result is captured as a stress-test report and action plan per scenario. | The VRIO Framework rates resources and capabilities on whether they are Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, and Organized. It compares strengths, risks, market logic, and courses of action. The result is captured as a VRIO table and strategic actions. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | High | Medium |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 45-90 min | Half day | 90-180 min |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 3-12 | 3-8 | 3-6 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Force Field Map, Change Levers, Risk Notes | Stress Test Report, Action Plan per Scenario | VRIO Table, Strategic Actions |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | ChangeDecisionStrategy | StrategyBusiness modelRiskDiagnosis | StrategyDiagnosisBusiness modelCapability |



