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| Criterion |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |  UX Research Affinity Diagramming |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. | When research notes, feedback, or observations sit unconnected side by side, affinity diagramming sorts the raw material into solid themes. Many individual points turn into patterns that make decisions and opportunities clearer. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | Low |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 2-6 h | 45–90 min |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 3-10 | 3-10 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions | Theme clusters, Insight statements, Opportunity areas |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause | SynthesisQualitativeRoot cause |
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