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| Criterion |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Operations Fault Tree Analysis |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |  Operations ALPEN Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | For a critical top event with several possible triggers, the method logically models failure paths. It makes visible which combinations of conditions can lead to damage. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. | With an overloaded day full of too many tasks, a realistic picture of the day emerges. The method connects estimating, deciding, and buffer thinking so planning fits available energy and time. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | High | Low |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 2-6 h | 2-6 h | 10-20 min daily |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 3-8 | 3-10 | 1 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop | Async |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Fault Tree, Critical Paths, Cause Hypotheses, Control Actions | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions | Daily Plan, Time Estimates, Review Notes |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | RiskRoot causeSafety | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause | PlanningTime managementProductivityOperations |